冷战时期美苏博弈中东石油及其现实启示

冷战期间 ,美国和原苏联展开了对中东石油的博弈。 2 0世纪 6 0～ 70年代 ,苏联打入美国中东石油势力范围 ,但未能动摇美国石油财团的优势地位 ;“两伊战争”期间 ,美苏不同程度地对战争施加影响 ,美国不仅遏制住“两伊”争霸海湾的企图 ,而且通过压低油价的战略从经济上拖垮了苏联 ;2 0世纪 90年代初 ,美国借助海湾战争和苏联的解体最终实现了中东石油霸权。回顾和反思美苏争霸中东石油的过程与结局 ,能够获得有关中国石油安全的诸多启示。

A Game for Middle East Oil between America and the Soviet Union During the Cold War

During the Cold War, America and the Soviet Union struggled for oil in the Middle East. From the 1960s to the 1970s, although the Soviet Union once entered into the oil sphere of America in Middle East, American oil consortiums kept still dominant. Both America and the Soviet Union gave their influences on the war between Iran and Iraq. America not only prevented Iran and Iraq from gaining hegemony in Persian Gulf, but also destroyed economy of the Soviet Union by lower oil price. At the beginning of 1990s, America got the oil hegemony in Middle East after the Gulf War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. China can gain a good deal of enlightenment about oil security from all these above.