职业地位取得的社会性别差异

本文从描述被调查夫妇之间职业流动的性别差异出发，分别勾画出他们的地位实现模型。首先验证了不论性别，教育地位都是决定职业地位实现的首要变量；但也正是在教育地位的实现和向上流动(再求学)中，伴随婚姻生育等生命事件的发生，无形的结构性制度因素(意识形态层面的性别制度、性别规范和性别文化)正如后现代主义试图解构的那样依然支配着性别角色的社会化和继续社会化，使扮演双重角色的妻子或无意识地或有意识地遭遇了丈夫不为之所累的两难困境，并最终阻碍了女性的教育地位、既而是职业地位的实现。本文最后提出了三点建议和几个尚待解决的问题。

Gender Difference on Occupational Status Attainment

This article begins with describing th e evident gender difference of int er-and intra-genera-tion mobility in occup ational statu s between husbands and wives and constructs separately their statu s-attainment models.It confirms that the education is the first im portant va riable determin-ing the status attainment processes,either for male or female .However,it is in the education-al status attainment processes(especially in the upward mobility or re-educated processes),with the development of priva te sphere ,marriage and reproduction,wome n face much more difficulties than m en from the ideological gender system(such as gender norms and gender cul-ture ).In the final analysis,the invisibl e structural and institutional factors s trongly dominate the socialization and the continuou s socialization of sex role and hinder women' s educational and occupational status attainment .Finally th ree tentative advices an d a few questions are pre-sented.