客运产业组织与客运市场效率

为探索客运产业组织变迁与客运市场效率的关系，综合运用产业组织理论和制度变迁理论，分析了长途客运市场在实践中如何产生“竞争性失效”并导致客运产业组织变迁的原因。分析认为，在以车主协议发车的初始变迁失败后，以单车统管为模式的再次变迁成功地克服了初始变迁下的“囚犯困境”状态。随单车统管的实施，客运市场结构由竞争型向垄断型转变，并由此导致市场效率的变化，要求在矫正客运市场“竞争性失效”和尽可能减少垄断福利损失之间作出权衡。

Industrial organization and market efficiency for the passenger transport

To study the relationship between passenger transport change and the market efficiency, the paper, based on the theories of industry and institution change, analyzes the causes of ＂competitive market failure＂ of the long-distance passenger market and the change of industrial organization. The results show that after the failure of the first change, requiring the owner of the vehicle to depart one by one, the second change, partnership based on individual vehicle, overcomes the ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ of first change. With the industry organization change, the market structure transformes from competition to monopoly, which results in the change of market efficiency. The efficiency requires the trade-off between correcting ＂competitive market failure＂ and reducing welfare caused by monopoly.