试论美国“家庭革命”的历史根源

60年代以来,美国的家庭问题日益严重,出生率急剧下降,离婚率直线上升,性解放极度泛滥,家庭观念日渐淡薄。这些现象的出现不是偶然的,它是美国社会各种因素结合的产物。如民权运动、新女性运动、性解放运动、开放同性恋运动、离婚法的放宽等政治因素;移民和美国家庭的流动、工业化和城市化、科学技术的进步、社会过多地“接管”了家庭职能等经济因素和社会因素;新教思想、文化传统、自由主义、个人主义和享乐主义等意识形态的因素。这一切历史因素交织在一起,最终酿成了美国“家庭革命”的苦果。

The Historical Origin of American "Family Revolution"

Since the 1960s,the families' problems in America have become more and more serious,such as the birthrate has fallen sharply,the rate of divorce has risen quickly,the phenomenon of sex liberation has become extremely inundate and the concept of family has become indifferently.All the problems have derived from many factors,not by chance.For example,in the politics aspect,we can ascribe to the civil rights movement,the new feminineness movement,sex liberation movement,gay liberation movement and the relaxation of the divorcement law; in the economy aspect and social aspect,we can put down to the emigrant and the movement of American's families,industrialization and urbanization,the progress of science and technology,the society take over the family's function excessively;in the ideology aspect,we also can attribute to the Protestantism,the cultural tradition,the liberalism,the individualism and the hedonism.All the historical factors interweaved together.Finally,it resulted in American "family evolution".