古典功利主义刑罚论的现代性：从贝卡利亚到边沁

作为古典功利主义刑罚论的开创者，贝卡利亚以社会契约论为逻辑起点，在“最大多数人分享最大幸福”这一道德原理的基础上，以痛苦与快乐的模糊计算来分析犯罪与刑罚问题。边沁对古典功利主义刑罚论予以推进，以“自然”为根据，明确在快乐与痛苦主宰的功利原理基础上设计精细的快乐痛苦表。从现代性视角来看，他们从理论根据上放逐了上帝这一中世纪的神性基础，昭示了社会控制意象，体现了人类对于未来进行全面计算、预测和控制的企图，预示了以客观功利计算为主导的现代社会“科学”地位的上升。

The Modernity of Classical Utilitarianism Penalty Theory

As the inaugurator of classical utilitarianism penalty theory, Becacaria＇s theory was based upon the theory of social contract. He discussed crime and punishment according to the obscure calculation of pains and pleasures, applying the moral principle of ＂the greatest number of people to share the greatest happiness＂. Bentham developed Beeacaria＇s theory, which was based upon nature. He explicitly designed a table of pains and pleasures. From the perspective of modernity, they abandoned the divine foundation of God in the Middle Ages, embodied the image of social control, and reflected the human＇s attempts to calculate and predict future comprehensively. Their theories also indicated the rise of the status of modern social ＂science＂ which was oriented to objective utility.