简论亚当·斯密劳动价值理论的三对矛盾及其产生根源

亚当·斯密对于劳动价值理论所作出的独特贡献在于他能够清晰界定财富与系统揭示财富源泉。然而,与马克思的劳动价值理论相比较,亚当·斯密的劳动价值理论却存在着三对矛盾:交换价值与价值实体之间的矛盾关系;商品价值与生产资料价值之间的排斥关系;商品价值与收入源泉之间的颠倒关系。而且这三对矛盾皆根源于亚当·斯密混淆了在商品生产过程中创造价值的劳动形式与创造使用价值的劳动形式即抽象劳动与具体劳动。

Analysis of the Three Contradictions of the Labor-creating Value Theory of Adam Smith and Their Root

The great contributions to the labor -creating value theory made by Adam Smith are that he clearly answers what the national wealth is and systematically reveals where the national wealth comes from .He claims that the whole wealth in one nation is “all the necessaries and convenience goods”,that is to say ,wealth is in essence commodity ;human labor produces the value ,“Labor is the very measure of exchange value of all the commodities .” However ,is the labor -creating value theory composed by Adam Smith perfect ？Of course , it is not .Compared with the scientific labor -producing value theory created by Marx ,the author draws the conclusion that there are three contradictions in smith ’s theory of labor -creating value ：exchange value and val-ue;the exclusive relation between exchange value and the value of production means ;the reverse connection be-tween value source and revenue source .According to the scientific analysis ,all these three contradictions result from the labor duality which produces use value and value .