短篇小说的传奇性与真实性——《故乡》与《我的叔叔于勒》的比较分析

短篇小说在其文体发展的过程中，出现了由注重情节的传奇性到侧重情感的真实性的转变。《故乡》《我的叔叔于勒》是中外两篇经典性短篇小说，这两篇小说在结构的架构上有相同之处，即都完成了情感转换的环形结构。但在风格上则体现了不同的艺术追求和价值倾向。莫泊桑作为传统小说家，非常注重故事的情节性，并关注小说结构的完美、精巧和完整。而鲁迅的小说散文化倾向明显，语言精练隽永，具备浓厚的情感意蕴和丰富的阐释角度。这不仅反映了两位作家不同的艺术追求和创作倾向，而且也表明了两位作家在艺术天分上的不同特质。 

The Legendary and Authenticity of Story

In the development of the short story,a transformation emerged from the legendary focusing on plot to the authenticity on emotion. Hometown and My Uncle Jules are two classic short stories selected in the Chinese Textbooks of middle school. They have similarities in the structure, namely they have completed the ring structure of emotion conversion. But they are different in the artistic pursuit and value orientation in the style. As a traditional novelist, Maupassant paid more attention to the plots of the story, and to the perfection, exquisiteness and integrality of the structure. But the prose tendency in Lu Xun＇s novels is obvious, which are concise and meaningful in language and rich in emotional connotation and in angles of explanation. This not only reflects the different artistic pursuit and creation tendency of the two writers, but also shows different characteristics of their artistic talent.