文化的人类自觉创造物观

历史上有种种经验形态的、抽象形态的文化观;论者则力图从共性与个性的对立统一中、历史与现状的对立统一中、文化与自然的对立统一中全面系统地把握文化,建立具体的文化观,即文化的人类自觉创造物观文化是人类在一定目标指引下、在一定现实条件基础上的自觉创造物.价值目标是以一定价值观和现实条件为根据经决策思维而建构起来的创造相应价值实体,从而实现相应价值的目标.现实条件是历史地积累起来而又延续到现在的条件,包括自然条件、社会条件、文化条件等.人类的自觉创造物即在自觉意识参与下的行为产物.这样,文化就是人类在一定价值目标引导下、在一定现实条件支持下通过创造文化的自觉行为而创造出来的.这种创造实现在人类自身之上,就形成本体文化;实现在外部对象上,就形成对象文化.文化具有统一性与多样性、个体性与群体性、稳定性与变异性、继承性与批判性、社会性与个体性、传统性与时代性、竞争性与协作性,一系列两极对立的品质等八个特点.

Cultures: Creations of Human Initiatives

There is a multiplicity of views on the subject of culture. The purpose of the study of culture is to systematically understand culture through the conflict and unity between universality and inviduality, between history and existing circumstances and between culture and nature, thus establishing specific views of culture. The author of the thesis views culture as the creations of human initiatives under the guidance of certain purposes and certain circumstances. Culture is of various features of the oppositions of unity and diversity, individuality and multilicity, stability and variability, conventionalization and presentness, competitiveness and cooperativeness, etc..