现代精神分析与人本主义的融合——对共情的理解与应用

由人本主义创始人罗杰斯提出的共情(Empathy)概念,指的是一种能深入他人主观世界,了解他人感受的能力。人本主义的共情为精神分析中的澄清、对质、解释等各种技术提供了更佳的表达态度与方式。而现代精神分析指出,没有潜意识层面的反移情就没有共情。对反移情的深入理解是一种更高级的共情。现代精神分析学者科胡特的自体心理学中所涉及的共情观点,体现着现代精神分析与人本主义的融合。

The Amalgamation between the Modern Psychoanalysis and the Humanistic Psychology--an Understanding and Application of Empathy

Empathy" was put forward by C.R.Rogers, the initiator of the humanistic psychology. This concept indicates a kind of internal world that could embed in others, and the capability of understanding the emotion of the others. Empathy in the humanistic psychology offers some better expression attitudes and manners for such psychoanalysis techniques as clarification, confrontation and interpretation. Whereas modern psychoanalysis point out that without counter-transference in the unconsciousness, there would be no empathy. An deep comprehension of unconsciousness is a more advanced empathy. What Kohut's viewpoint of his "modern psychoanalytic science" points out about empathy, embodies the amalgamation between the modern psychoanalysis and the humanistic psychology.