中国化肥投入的污染效应及其区域差异分析

分别从农业化肥投入总量、强度、结构及其粮食增产效应等方面分析了中国化肥投入现状和时空变化特征，并利用清单分析方法，定量测算中国化肥投入面源污染数量。研究发现，中国化肥投入强度已远超发达国家设置的225kg／hm2的施肥上限，并呈现出从东到西递减的特点；化肥投入结构仍不合理，利用效率偏低，养分流失现象严重；化肥投入的粮食增产效应已变得不显著，单纯靠增加化肥投入以增加粮食产量的做法已逐渐行不通。同时，过量和不合理施用化肥造成了较为严重的面源污染，化肥投入面源污染呈现出典型的时空分布特征，并与地区经济发展水平关系密切。

Pollution effect of fertilizer application and regional differences in China

This paper analyzes the current situation and the spatial variation of the agriculture fertilizer from amount, intensity, structure its grain output effect, and calculates the amount of fertilizer input non-point source pollution based on the method of investigation list. Conclusion shows that the chemical fertilizer input intensity has far more than 225 kg/hm2 fertilizer cap show from the east side to the west of diminishing acteristics; Fertilizer input structure is not reasonable, using efficiency is low, the soil nutrient loss is serious; Fertilizer input＇s grain output effect has become insignificant, simply by adding chemical fertilizer inputs to increase food production practice won＇t work. At the same time, excessive unreasonable chemical fertilizers cause serious non-point source pollution, and the non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer input is typical temporal spatial distribution and is closely related with regional economic development.