20世纪:文化焦虑的时代

2 0世纪的人类文化精神处于一种背反和自我冲突的境遇 :繁荣与危机并存。雅斯贝尔斯所说的世界历史“轴心期”的理性文化精神框架在 2 0世纪一方面充分展示了自己的潜力和可能性 ,同时也清楚地展示出自身的局限性或极限 ,因此 ,存在着人类精神新的、重大突破的可能性。突破的重要标志是文化的自觉。文化的自觉是我们理解 2 0世纪人类精神状况和历史深层内涵的核心。实际上 ,文化的自觉和文化的焦虑是同一个历史进程和思想历程。 2 0世纪的文化危机一方面引发了以 196 8年的“五月风暴”为代表的自发的文化反抗 ,另一方面使文化批判成为 2 0世纪最重要的哲学主题之一。在 2 0世纪文化批判理论的谱系中 ,西方马克思主义的文化批判理论以意识形态批判、技术理性批判、大众文化批判、性格结构与心理机制批判、现代国家批判、现代性批判等丰富的主题为我们全面理解 2 0世纪的文化危机和文化批判理论提供了最好的范例

The 21st Century: The Age of Cultural Anxiety

Mankind's cultural spirit in the 20th century was in a condition of antinomy and self-conflict: co-existence of prosperity and crisis. The framework of rational cultural spirit of the 'Axial Stage' of world history by Jaspers in the 20th century fully demonstrated its potential and possibility. In the meantime, it also clearly shows its limitations or limits. Therefore, there existed the possibility of a new and major breakthrough of the spiritual condition of mankind in the 20th century. An important mark of this breakthrough is the self-awareness of culture. Cultural self-awareness is the core of our understanding of the spiritual condition of mankind and historical deeper connotations in the 20th century. In actuality, the cultural self-awareness and cultural anxiety assumes the same historical process and ideological path. On the one hand, the cultural crisis in the 20th century triggered the spontaneous cultural revolt represented by 'the May Storm' in 1968,while on the other hand, it turned cultural criticism into the most important philosophical themes in the 20th century. In the pedigree of cultural criticism theory in the 20th century, Western Marxist cultural criticism theory furnishes the best example for a full understanding of the cultural crisis and cultural criticism theory in the 20the century with its reservoir of such rich themes of ideological criticism, criticism of technical rationality, criticism of popular culture, criticism of personality structure and psychological mechanism and criticism of the modern state, etc.