"教育民营"的理念与制度创新设计

"教育民营"是指由非政府组织或公民个人对学校及其他教育机构进行经营管理的教育制度."教育民营"是社会主义民主的内在要求,它增进了教育公平和效益.在"教育民营"制度中,政府退出教育活动的微观管理领域,其职能在于维护和创设良好的制度环境."教育凭证制度"和"开放一切(除军事等特殊领域的教育外)教育服务领域"是"教育民营"制度架构中两个重要的组成部分."教育民营"既是世界教育发展的重要趋势,也是解决中国教育问题的有效途径.

The Innovative Design of the Concept and System of Schools Run by Non-governmental Sectors or Individuals

The System of Schools Run by Non governmental Sectors or Individuals" refers to the education system in which schools and other educational agencies are run by non governmental sectors or individuals. It is a new design against the education system of "schools run by the government dominantly". The idea of "schools run by the government dominantly" means that the quantity of non governmental schools is limited. The conclusion that can be drawn from this idea is that the non governmental school is a supplement to the public schools system. As the financial budget for public education increases, non governmental schools will be eliminated from the historical stage. Obviously, this idea is the reprint of the "supplement theory" which seriously disturbed Chinese economic reform. Advancing the development of "non governmental schools" is not an expedient. "Non governmental schools" is an important part of our schools system. The "system of schools run by non governmental sectors or individuals" is better than the public schools system. This argument has been proved by the educational practice in the developed countries. It also has been demonstrated by different kinds of theories. The "system of schools run by non governmental sectors or individuals" meets the interior demand of the socialist democracy. It also enhances equity and efficiency of education. This system is based on the practice of "non governmental schools". It expands the concept of "non governmental schools". In this system the government will not involve in the micromanagement of education. So it should retreat the micromanagement of all educational activities step by step. The government not only encourages the non governmental sectors or individuals to invest in education but also lets them take charge of public schools. Safeguarding and creating good environment of system are the roles of the government for educational management. "The system of education voucher" and "the opening up of all educational services except special fields as military schools" are two important components of this brand new system. There are two characteristics of "the system of education voucher": one is that the right of selecting schools is returned to the students, the other is that schools will improve the efficiency of using public education funds because of the pressure of students'selection. These two characteristics fit to the value tropism of "the system of schools run by non governmental sectors or individuals". The policy of "opening up of all educational services" will result in absorbing and utilizing the funds from abroad, so the educational scale will be enlarged and the educational level will be improved. The "system of schools run by non governmental sectors or individuals" is not only the development trend of world education, but also an efficient way to solve the problems of Chinese education.