中东非政府人权组织的特征与挑战

20世纪七十年代末以来,中东地区人权语境逐渐宽松,颁布了各种伊斯兰特色的《人权宣言》,不同层次的人权组织在伊斯兰国家开展活动,这都为中东非政府人权组织的产生提供了理论和组织上的准备。非政府人权组织推动了中东人权观念和人权批判精神的成长,提升了中东各国政府对人权关注程度,并成为国际人权标准内化的重要媒介,缓解了社会内部的对立。"人权依赖综合症"影响到非政府人权组织的特征,人权组织多为社会精英阶层所领导,其活动多限于特定群体和地区。在现代社会,人权组织虽面临诸多挑战,但无疑已成为推动中东政治民主化和人权发展的潜在力量。

Middle Eastern Non-governmental Human Rights Organizations: Function, Characteristics and Challenges

Since the late of 20th century, the human rights context has gradually relaxed in the Middle East, the various kinds of Declaration of Human Rights was enacted, human rights organizations at all levels launched activities in the Islamic countries, which providing a theoretical and organizational preparations for the emergence of non-governmental human rights organizations in the Middle East. Non-governmental human rights organizations promoted the growth of concepts and critical spirit of human rights in the Middle East, enhanced the concern degree of the Middle East countries’ governments on human rights, and became a important media of internalizing international human rights standards, which easing the antagonism within society. ‘‘Human rights dependency syndrome’’ affected the characteristics of non-governmental human rights organizations, while these organizations were mostly led by the elites, and human rights activity limited to specific groups and regions. In modern society, human rights organizations are facing many challenges, but it has undoubtedly become the potential power that promote Middle East political democratization and the development of human rights.