构建从农民到市民的连续谱——关于农民市民化政策的观察与评论

"农民市民化"政策是一个公共产品。作为公共产品,农民市民化转型的所有风险应该由政府承担。然而,由于财政困境,地方政府被迫发展出了一套政府、集体经济、个人三方一体的风险分担机制。这种分担机制的一个重要支柱就是要保证有一个强大的、有持续收益的、不能亏损的集体经济的存在,结果,这个集体经济又不断强化并塑造出了一批既不同于传统农民、也不同于现代市民的"食租者"群体及城市社区类型。因此,新的公共政策的调整应转向以强调个人能力发展为核心。

Construction of Continuous chain from Peasants to Urban Residents:Observation and Review on the Local Governments' Policy

The policy for transformation from peasants to citizen is a kind of public products,therefore,the risk triggered from the transformation should be taken by the government.However,because of financial problems,local governments have to develop a mechanism,in which government,collective economy and individual share the risk together.One of the important reasons for the mechanism is to guarantee the existence of a strong,sustainable collective economy that is never expected to be in deficit.As a result,the collective economy continuously strengthens and shapes these urban communities and "rent-feeding" groups that are different from either traditional peasants or modern urban residents.Public policy should focus on capacity development of individuals.