“给予”参与者从缺的认知动因考

“送”“给”等构成的给予表达如“NP1＋（V）给＋NP2＋NP3”，在特定条件下，会出现参与者的从缺，其从缺等级，一般认为是：主语〉直接宾语〉问接宾语／介词宾语。但这一概括不适用于“给”的参与者的从缺情况：NP2（即间接宾语）从缺为主，占80％，而NP3（即直接宾语）的从缺仅占10％。文章指出，三个参与者及其互动关系所组成的是理想的认知模型。理想的给予可划分为转移次事件和到达次事件，分别由“V＋NP3”和“给＋NP2”表达。以理想认知模型为基础，受人类思维方式“部分转喻整体”的影响，人们可以通过转移次事件终点次事件认知给予事件，映现在语言表达中就形成了参与者的从缺。

On the cognitive motivations for the omission of GIVING participants

Verbs such as "song(send)" and gei(give)" enters the constructions of NP1 (V)gei NP2 NP3"expressing GIVING.But under certain circumstances,one or more NPs can be omitted,which was generally summed as: NP1>NP3>NP2.However,if the main verb is gei",the omitted NPs form the hierarchy as NP1>NP2>NP3.To be specific,the omitted NP2 is as high as 80%,while the NP3 is only 10%.The paper points out that the GIVING which is made up of three participants and the interaction between them is an idealized cognitive model.The idealized GIVING can be divided into the transference sub-event and end sub-event,which is expressed by V NP3 and gei NP2,respectively.Based on the GIVING ICM and motivated by the metonymic thinking and reason model which is THE PART FOR THE WHOLE,TRANSTER SUB-EVENT or END SUB-EVENT stand for GIVNG ICM.The omission of participants is only the mapping of this kind of metonymic thinking and reasoning model in the language.