古典小说预叙发达的文化解读

与西方小说相比,中国古典小说预叙极为发达,这离不开传统文化的浸润与濡染。首先,远古时期,巫史不分,这造成史传对以预叙形式出现的占卜等神秘文化的大量叙写,而史传是孕育小说的母体,自然古典小说就继承了史传的这种叙述传统,而以这些神秘文化作为预叙方式。其次,“兴”这一审美思维的导引起启功能,也导致古典小说出现了包括入话、楔子在内的各种预叙形式而古典小说评论家所谓的“弄引法”、“将雪见霰,将雨闻雷”、“隔年下种”、“草蛇灰线”等与预叙有关的手法,也与“兴”密切相关。再次,作者的文化视野,造成他们对种种预叙方式的偏爱。最后,为满足读者的结果期待意识,古典小说以副标题或回目来预叙;作者又巧妙地利用读者的这种审美心理以制造悬疑,于是章回小说每回结尾出现了预叙的俗套,在情节惊险处也经常出现预叙。

THE CULTURAL EXPLANATION OF THE PRE- NARRATIVE IN CLASSICAL NOVELS

It is different from the West novels that there are many pre-narratives in the Chinese classical novels.First,the historians were wizards in ancient times,they liked to narrate the mysterious culture including the divination,and the history was the mother's body of the classical novel,so it inherited the history's narrative tradition that took them as pre-narrative ways.Second,Xing was an aesthetic mode of thinking,it also led many pre-narrative ways.Third,the authors utilized many pre-narrative ways because of their cultural field of vision.Finally,the author utilized pre-narrative in order to meet the readers' consciousness of result-expectation,and they utilized pre-narrative by the topic or in the ending of each chapter.