浅析江苏民歌《杨柳青》的音乐结构特征

民歌《杨柳青》如按西方音乐曲式概念来分析 ,就音乐的旋律组成来看 ,似乎可认作起承转合四句体的乐段体。而在《杨柳青》的歌词中 ,明确的内容只体现于前二句中 ,后二句则是由固定的衬词组成 ,由衬词组成的衬腔正是我国众多民歌中极为普遍的一种歌体现象 ,是基本上相对固定不变的 ;前二乐句往往因歌词内容不同 ,充满了民间歌手的“即兴创造性” ,形成民歌中的主体部分 ,衬腔则是主体部分乐思的补充和情绪的渲染。由此 ,《杨柳青》的歌曲体结构应是一个带有补充性的衬腔体的民间二句体乐段。

An Analysis of the Strctural Features of the Jiangsu Folksong Yangliuqing

Judging by the western concept of musical form, the Chinese folksong Yangliuqing might be regarded as four-sentence period style consisting of the introduction, elucidation of the theme, transition to another viewpoint and summing-up. However, the author holds a view that the folksong should be considered as having a two-sentence period style as its first two sentences express the content and its last two sentences are the words inserted into the song for balance or euphony. The tune of the inserted words is a rather fixed folksong style that is current in China. The first two sentences are the main part of a folksong, and present the off-hand creation of the singer while the tune of the inserted words serves as a supplement to the musical thoughts and expression of emotion. So the folksong Yangliuqing possesses a musical structure of two-sentence period style with a supplementary tune of inserted words.