隐喻理论探究

隐喻研究史上比较有影响的隐喻解释理论有六种：比较理论、替代理论、互动理论、映射理论、转移理论和合成理论。了解隐喻理论有助于我们认识隐喻的工作机制、性质特征和主要功能。就隐喻的主要功能和研究角度来看，隐喻解释理论可归为三类：修辞隐喻、认知隐喻和语法隐喻，但是这三类隐喻理论都有局限性：修辞隐喻弱化了隐喻的作用，忽视隐喻的认知功能；概念隐喻却夸大了隐喻的作用和功能，似乎概念隐喻无所不能；语法隐喻过于强调语言形式，把语言表达形式的转换看作是语法隐喻。

An Exploration of Metaphor Theory

There are six metaphor theories： Comparison Theory, Substitution Theory, Interaction Theory, Mapping Theory, Transference Theory and Blending Theory, which explain the working mechanisms, the essence and functions of metaphor. The six metaphor theories are grouped under three heads： rhetoric metaphor, cognitive metaphor and grammatical metaphor according to their major functions and different perspectives of research. However, their limitations and problems are pointed out and discussed： rhetoric metaphor weakens the rhetorical function and neglects the cognitive value; cognitive metaphor exaggerates its functions; and grammatical metaphor overstates language forms.