清朝农垦活动对森林的严重影响

清朝初期统治者较为开明，尽力发展生产并减轻农民的负担，缔造了中国历史上空前和平安定的“康乾盛世”。 清朝中叶，中国人口开始急剧增长，引发了严重的社会问题，清政府除了“开禁”、“赈灾”、“劝垦”之外并无更多的关注环境的政策措施，乱砍滥伐、毁林开荒、开山烧炭的现象比比皆是，造成了中国有史以来最大的生态灾难。该文对其原因、过程及后果进行了分析和探讨，以期引起当代人们更多的思考。

Serious Effect of Qing Dynasty's Cultivation on Forestry

Under the rules of the emperors Kangxi(1654—1722) and Qianlong(1736—1795) in Qing Dynasty(1616—1911)，the Chinese enjoyed one of the most peaceful and stable periods in the history up to then, thanks to the enlightened governance of the emperors and their efforts to develop agricultural production and reducing farmers’ burdens. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, China’s population increased rapidly, resulting in serious social problems. The government then concerned little with environment, taking measures no more than “lifting bans”,“relieving refugees”, and “promoting cultivations”. Deforestation and charcoal production at the time were very common throughout the country,bringing about the most large\|scale ecological devastation. The paper analyzes and discusses the reasons,processes,and consequences of the disaster.