佛禅与袁宏道的文学思想

袁宏道虽然前期习禅宗,后期入净土宗,且其禅宗思想不如净土宗思想具体赅备,但就二者对宏道文学思想的影响而言,却以禅宗为主。宏道无论前期还是后期,都一直推崇禅宗居士庞蕴;后期虽然贬斥“默照禅”,但仍推崇“看话禅”。宏道文学思想受禅宗的影响,主要表现在三个方面：一是他反对拟古的文学思想受到“禅无定法”的影响。二是他崇尚“趣”、“理”的文学思想充满了佛理禅意。三是他后期主张学习古人“真法”的文学思想受到“看话禅”的影响。

Buddhism Dhyana and Yuan Hongdao's Literature Thoughts

：Yuan Hongdao practiced Dhyana in his early years, was converted to the Pure Land Sect in his later years, his thoughts in Dhyana is not so concrete and complete as that in the Pure Land Sect. However, it was mainly Dhyana that influenced Yuan Hongdao's literature thoughts. Both in his early years and later years, Yuan Hongdao highly praised Pang Yun, a lay Buddhist; though he denounce “Mo Zhao Chan" in his later years, but he still gave high praise to “Kan Hua Chan". It is mainly in the following three aspects that Yuan Hongdao's literature thoughts were influenced by Dhyana: the first is that his arguments against the literature thoughts of modeling after ancients were influenced by the thinking that “there is no fixed way for Dhyana". The second is that his literature thoughts of praising “interesting (Qu)" and “logic (Li)" were full of Buddhism words.The third is that his argument of learning “intrinsic things (Zhen Fa)" from ancient people was influenced by “Kan Hua Chan".