城镇化进程中政府的土地经营困境及其调适

在城镇化背景下,农村土地产权主体的虚位与政府运行的不规范,是造成土地经营困境的根源。在资源约束与利益驱动下,政府在土地经营中规避了国家的土地管理政策,通过对土地征用程序的掌握,来控制土地收益的分配规则和过程,实现自身利益的最大化。这剥夺了农民的土地权利,加剧了各方主体围绕土地而引发的利益冲突。要调适政府的土地经营行为,应从产权改革与政权建设两方面入手:通过改革农村土地产权制度,完善农村土地集体的所有权权能,真正还地权于民;通过政权建设转变政府职能,完善政府利益的约束机制,建立以市场为核心调整和平衡各主体利益的体制,使各方共享土地交易的福利。

The Governmental Dilemmain Land Management and Adjustment in the Process of Urbanization

In the context of urbanization, the absence of rural land property rights and non-standard running of gov- ernment are the root causes of land management difficulties. Constrained by resource and driven by interest, the government is likely to circumvent the state＇s land management policies in land operations and control the allocation rules and procedures of land revenue through mastering the land acquisition program to maximize their own inter- ests. This deprives the land rights of farmers and exacerbate the conflicting interests of all paries caused by land revenue. To adapt the behavior of the government＇s land management, we should start from two aspects which are property rights reform and regime costruction. Through reforming rural land property rights system, the government would improve the rights of rural collective land ownership and return the rights of land to farmers ; through the re- gime construction, the government would transform government functions, perfect the constraint mechanisms of the governmental interests, take the market as the core to establish the system of adjusting and balancing the interests of all parties to make them share the benefits of land transactions.