从规则伦理到德性伦理的伦理嬗变——从现代性的德性危机谈起

20世纪中期以来,西方德性伦理出现复兴。从社会历史条件看,自近代启蒙运动以来,中世纪的超越性道德源泉遭到消解,随之而来的道德文化未能提供相应的普遍性价值源泉,现代性的道德问题造成人们心灵无序状态,德性危机与日俱增,德性越来越边缘化,从而为德性伦理的复兴提供了实践上的可能背景。从伦理理论背景看,以功利论和道义论为主的现代道德哲学,以规则为核心,以规范人们的行为为己任,无法解决行为者内在的心灵无序状态。人们开始不满于近代以来所盛行的功利主义和康德主义。因此,德性伦理以其相对于规范伦理的优势而在西方迅速发展起来。

From Rule Ethics to Virtue Ethics: a Reflection on the Crisis of Modernity in Virtue Ethics

Since the mid-20th century,Western virtue ethics has experienced a revival.This can be seen as an end result of long historical process of social and cultural change.The critique of the transcendent source of morality by the thinkers of the Enlightenment,the failure of the subsequent moral thinking to provide a universal value system,the lack of satisfactory solutions to moral dilemmas in modern times and the anxieties thereafter arise in the modern mind all contribute to the crisis and marginalization of m...