中国老年人家庭代际经济支持模式研究

文章基于转型社会视角,利用2014年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,探讨中国老年人家庭代际经济关系的现实状况,并从微观机制和宏观结构两方面进一步分析其影响机制。研究发现,中国老年人家庭代际经济支持模式仍以供养型为主,但随着现代化进程,互惠型将逐渐占据更加重要的地位。在微观层面,老年人个体禀赋越低、文化观念越传统、健在子女数越多,则更可能身处传统的供养型的代际经济关系之中;家庭网络得分越高,代际关系越紧密,互惠型的可能性更大,游离型的可能性更小;同时,与子女同住的老年人更倾向于对子女的向下经济支持,呈现出抚养型或互惠型的关系。在宏观层面,社会保障的获得与市场化程度的提高一定程度上促进了代际经济资源的双向互惠流动。研究结果对于在转型社会背景下前瞻性应对中国家庭养老风险有一定的现实意义。

On Intergenerational Economic Support Patterns of Chinese Elderly Families

This paper uses the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS 2014)to explore the distribution and influencing factors of China's intergenerational economic support patterns from the perspective of micro-mechanism and macro-structure.It has found that the intergenerational economic support patterns of Chinese elderly families are still dominated by support,but with the modernization process,the reciprocity will gradually play a more important role.At the micro-level,the lower the individual endowment of the elderly,the more traditional the cultural concept is and the more children there are,the more likely the elderly are in the intergenerational economic relationship of traditional support.The elderly who have a higher score of the family network will have a closer intergenerational relationship.The elderly who live with their children will be more inclined to support their children downwards,showing a relationship of parenting or reciprocity.At the macro-level,the acquisition of social security and the degree of marketization will promote the two-way flow of intergenerational economic resources.The research results have some practical significance to address the risks of family-based old-age care in the transitional period of China.