西南边疆民族地区乡村的复合型治权结构及行动逻辑:历史底色与现代启示

乡村治权结构的优化与转型,深刻影响着乡村治理体系的现代化、乡村振兴目标的实现。边疆民族地区乡村社会的治权结构,在不同的历史时期有着不同的形态。既有研究对边疆民族地区乡村治权结构的认识,强调从精英/能人的能动性出发,或是侧重于精英权力存在的社会组织土壤。然而这样认识路径,既弱化了传统共同体内涵的整体性权力面向,也遮蔽了边疆乡村社会复杂而又特殊的治权结构事实。通过中国西南区域农村深度调查材料发现,传统时期的治权结构表现为整体性权力与个体性权力的复合支配,具有三层逻辑意涵:一是作为权力化身的整体对个体的支配,二是拥有权力的个体对处于服从地位的个体的支配,三是整体性权力支配往往优先于个体性权力支配。民主改革以后,复合型治权结构发生了重大变革,但是历史的底色尚未完全褪去。在当今社会,探析复合型的治权结构及其嬗变进路,促进治权结构的现代化,最终转向整合式的治理图景,无疑对于提升边疆民族地区乡村治理能力、加快乡村治理体系现代化有着重要的现实意义。

Historical Background and Modern Enlightenment of the Compound Governance Structure and Action Logic of Villages in the Ethnic Minority Borderland of China: An In-depth Rural Investigation Study in Southwest China

The optimization and transformation of the rural governance structure of China have a profound impact on the modernization of the rural governance system and the realization of the goal of rural revitalization.The governance structure of rural society in the ethnic minority borderland has different forms in different historical periods.The existing studies on the structure of rural governance in the ethnic minority borderland emphasize the initiative of the elite/able people or the foundation of the social organization where the elite power exists.However,this approach not only weakens the overall power orientation of the connotations of the traditional community,but also covers the complicated and special governance structure of the rural society in the borderland.Based on the in-depth survey of rural areas in southwest China,it is found that the governance structure in the traditional period is manifested as the compound domination of overall power and individual power,with three logical meanings:the first is the domination of the whole as the embodiment of power over the individual;the second is the dominating individual having control over the submitted individual;the third is the domination of the whole power over the individual power.After the democratic reform,the compound governance structure has undergone great changes,but its historical influence has not faded completely.In today's society,to explore and analyze the compound governance structure and its evolution,to promote the modernization of the existing governance structure and finally to turn to the integrated governance are undoubtedly of great practical significance for improving the rural governance capacity and speeding up the modernization of the rural governance system in the ethnic minority borderland of China.