农户家庭农地要素流动趋势及其根源比较

随着农村经济的发展和乡村城市化进程的加快 ,生产要素的流动必然增强。在生产要素流动中 ,资金和劳动力要素流动常常最为引人关注 ,而农地作为农业经济发展的一个重要生产要素 ,因其具有不可移动的固有特性以及其在农业经济发展中的特殊地位 ,所以在过去研究中对农地流动的关注相对较少。农地流动 ,一般地 ,被认为是所有者或使用者的更换。在经济相对较为落后 ,经济发展对农地依赖程度较高 ,农地常被看作是农民的命根子 ,一般地 ,这些地区农地的流动现象相对应当较少;而在经济相对较为发达 ,经济发展对农地依赖程度较低 ,土地收入在农民家庭中已退出主要收入行列 ,这些地区农地流动现象明显增强。农地流动深层次原因应当是农地要素利用比较效率。为了证明上述判断 ,本文以固定跟踪观察的农户资料为基础 ,以内地山西和沿海浙江为对象 ,对1986～2000年两地农户间农地要素流动行为进行实证分析。

A Comparison between the Farmland Factor Trend and its Root

With the quickening of the rural economic growth and of the process of urbanization of villages, the flow of agent of production will speed up.In this flow, the most concerned by the people has been the movement of capital and labor force, whereas the "farmland motion" has been given less attention in our research in the past, because farmland, which is an import production element, has the intrinsic attributes of immovableness and has a special position in the development of rural economy. By "farmland motion", generally we mean the change in the owner or the user.Where the economy is relatively backward and the economic growth relies on farmland in greater degree, farmland is considered the peasant's lifeline, resulting in less "motion" thereof; however, where the economic is developed in comparison and the economic development depends less on farmland, the peasants' income comes mainly not from earnings from farmland, leading to the increase in the"motion".The deep-seated cause should be the comparative efficiency of the use of farmland. To verify the above judgment, this paper, based on the data collected from regular follow-up observations of some farmer households both in the inland Shanxi Province and in the coastal Zhejiang Province, will make a case study of the "motion"(in 1986 to 2000) of the factor of farmland.