多胺氧化酶在多胺代谢中的作用

本文概括了精胺氧化酶和乙酰多胺氧化酶参与的主要的生化,细胞和生理过程,多胺氧化酶是黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸包含酶,可以催化多胺和乙酰多胺的氧化,其底物的特异性和氧化产物的种类依赖于酶的来源.酵母菌的多胺氧化酶可以氧化精胺,N1-乙酰精胺,N1-乙酰亚精胺,然而在脊椎动物中,是由两个不同的多胺氧化酶亚家族分别承担了这些功能,即精胺氧化酶和乙酰多胺氧化酶,分别特异性地催化精胺和N1-乙酰精胺/N1-乙酰亚精胺的氧化.精胺氧化酶和乙酰多胺氧化酶高效参与多胺生物合成和降解的调节.因为多胺是细胞生长和分化的基础调节者,因此它们的体内平衡对细胞生命十分重要,而精胺氧化酶和乙酰多胺氧化酶则起到了调节体内多胺平衡的作用.精胺氧化酶和乙酰多胺氧化酶参与药物反应,细胞凋亡和应激反应,它们的异常可以改变多胺的体内平衡.多胺分解代谢的调节异常经常与包括癌症在内的几种病理状况有关.

Roles of Polyamine Oxidases in Polyamine Catabolism

The goal of this review is to cover the main biochemical, cellular and physiological processes in which SMO and APAO are involved. Polyamine oxidases （ PAOs） are flavin adenine dinucleotide-（ FAD-） containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of both acetylated and non-acetylated polyamines. The substrate specificity and the nature of the oxidation products depend on the source of the enzymes. PAO from yeast can oxidize spermine,N^1-acetylspermine,and N^1-acetylspermidine. However,in vertebrates these functions are ad-dressed by two specialized polyamine oxidase subfamilies, namely spermine oxidase （ SMO ） and acetylpolyamine oxidase（ APAO） . SMO and APAO specifically catalyze the oxidation of spermine and N^1-ace-tylspermine/N^1-acetylspermidine,respectively. SMO and APAO are involved in the highly regulated pathways of polyamine biosynthesis and degradation. Since polyamines are basic regulators of cell growth and prolifera-tion,their homeostasis is crucial for cell life. SMO and APAO play a dominant role in the highly regulated mammalian polyamines catabolism. SMO and APAO participate in drug response,apoptosis and etiology of sev-eral pathological conditions,including cancer. Their deregulation can alter polyamine homeostasis,and dysregu-lation of polyamine catabolism is often associated with several disease states.