美国作家教育背景与写作环境分析——兼谈作家理论的构建

对作家研究的忽视是造成文学边缘化的原因之一。在对理查德.鲍尔斯等十位美国当代作家访谈的基础上,借鉴人类学田野调查和口述史的研究方法,本文全面总结并深入分析了当代美国作家的成长经历、教育背景和写作环境等。美国作家大部分在早期都有机会接受写作指导,并且有过丰富的人生历练。青年作家大多是科班出身,获得过文学创作专业学位,成名作家在大学任教者居多。写作环境便利开放,和同行交流机会良多。对美国作家写作状况的研究可以打通创作实践和理论研究的隔膜,在作家写作与文学研究之间架起一座桥梁,促成文学爱好者、文学创作者和文学研究者共同关注文学的生成和意义。

American Writers' Education and Environment:Writer Studies Based on Interviews

The ignorance of author studies is one reason for the verge condition of literature.Based on interviews with ten contemporary American writers including Richard Powers,and with the help of anthropological methodology of fieldwork and oral history,the paper gives an analysis of the personal experience,educational background,professional status,and writing environment of contemporary American writers.Most writers have the opportunity to receive writing instruction,and have taken various occupations in their early career.Most young writers are MFA graduates and many famous writers choose to hold teaching positions in universities,and enjoy the facilities and good peer communications.The study of American writing condition may help to bridge literary creation and criticism,and draw attention to the reflection of the meaning of literature.