语言符号任意性和象似性的关系探源

任意性不但揭示出研究语言所采用的分析方法，而且它是语言符号的根本特征。语言是符号系统，在这个系统中，存在着不同的原则，构成了语言内部的组织机制，语言功能就是通过这些原则相互作用来实现的，而任意性原则如同语言内在机制的中枢，其他原则都依赖它才能起作用。对任意性的理解不能只集中在这个术语本身,而忽略它与整个语言学的关系和它的创造性。而来自象似性的挑战主要集中在构成符号的两个成分能指和所指的界定、二者的关系以及任意性的性质。皮尔斯对符号的复杂分类根据的正是索绪尔的能指和所指之间表现出的种种不同关系。象似性体现了人们认识世界的方式，而非语言的本质，任意性涵盖了象似性，呈集合与子集的关系。

The Originality on the Relationship of Arbitrariness and Iconicity

The arbitrariness not only reveals the ways to study linguistics, but also is an essential trait of linguistic signs. The language is a sign system containing disciplines which constitute the internal organizing mechanism,its functions can be brought about through the interaction of these disciplines,while other disciplines work depending on it. To understand the arbitrariness, one should not concentrate only on the term itself, but disregard its relation with the whole linguistics and its creativeness. The challenges from the iconicity focus on the definition of signifier and signified,and their relations,and the quality of the arbitrariness. The complex classification of the signs by Perice was rightly based on different relations between signifier and signified by Saussure. The iconicity shows the way of recognizing the world, not the innate character of the language, being included by the former. Their relationship is just as a set and a subset.