重新认识中国当代美学中的自然美问题

生态美学是近年来国内美学界讨论的热点问题之一。这一讨论为重新认识自然美提供了理论助力,甚至长期困扰中西美学史的“自然美的难题”也会因此得到解决。但是,生态能否成为美学问题却是极易引人质疑的,因为生态美不能代替自然美,它缺乏自然美这一范畴在现象与本质之间进退自如的特点。目前国内讨论生态美学的意义不在于创建了一门新的学科,而在于可借此深化对自然美的认识,在于为重构一种新自然美学提供了哲学基础。这种新自然美学的“新”表现在三个方面:(1)自然美的范围得到拓展:生态、景观、环境共同构成了自然美研究的整体轮廓;(2)自然美的本质被重新界定:现代生态学的有机自然观为自然美提供了自我完成的审美本质;(3)人与自然的审美关系被重新确立:单向度的“人审自然”让位给人与自然对象的互动和互赏。

Reconsidering the Issue of Natural Beauty in Contemporary Chinese Aesthetics

Ecological aesthetics is one of the hot spots in the aesthetic circle of China in recent years.The discussion of the issue is conducive to the reconsideration of the beauty of nature,but whether ecology has concern with aesthetics is most likely to arouse doubts,for ecological beauty cannot replace natural beauty.The discussion of ecological aesthetics is significant not because it has contributed to the founding of a new discipline,but because it has furthered our understanding of natural beauty and has laid down the philosophical foundation of a new natural aesthetics,which has three characteristics: 1) the sphere of natural beauty has been widened;2) the nature of natural beauty has been redefined;3) the relationship between man and nature has been reestablished.