从英汉双语范畴化差异的角度论证"双元结构"理论

“双元结构”理论认为，成年人外语学习过程中始终存在母语和外语两种语言一认知结构之间相互作用的特殊心理机制。该理论已经得到了神经语言学和听、读技能实验方面的一些证据支持，但至今还无人从认知语言学这一以语言与认知的关系为核心的科学领域对这一理论进行研究。因此，本研究以英汉双语认知范畴化差异为视角，分别从理论和实证两个方面对“双元结构”理论进行了论证。研究发现，英汉双语词汇所反映的范畴仅有22％完全重合，高达78％的范畴存在着包含、部分重合或空缺等复杂关系。研究结果表明，学习者在建立英语语言系统的过程中，对以母语为基础所切分的世界进行相应的范畴化调整，逐渐构建起与母语的认知结构有别的外语认知结构。

The "Bilingual Double Structures" Theory——From a Perspective of Categorization Differences Between English and Chinese

The ＂Bilingual Double Structures＂ theory （the BDS theory） postulates that there is standing interaction between the linguistic knowledge structures and cognitive structures of the mother language（ML） and foreign language（FL） in the course of adult learners＇ FL learning . This theory has been supported by evidences from neurolinguistics and some listening and reading experiments, but up till now there is little evidence from cognitive linguistics which takes the relations between language and cognition as the core. Therefore, this paper, from a perspective of categorization differences between English and Chinese at theoretical and empirical levels, aims to further prove the BDS theory. The research finds that only 22% of the categories suggested by English and Chinese words sampled are equivalents, and up to 78% of them display complex relations as mutual containing, partial overlapping and absence on one side. This result confirms that FL learners, while building up their FL knowledge structure, adjust the categories carved up by the ML and gradually construct a FL cognitive structure different from the ML.