中西美学的歧异与会通——兼论胡塞尔的美学贡献

本文认为 ,由于各自不同的传统哲学背景 ,中西美学表现为两种不同的理论和价值取向 :如果说西方美学是一种以主客的统一为其理想的美学学说的话 ,那么中国美学则代表了一种追求主体间的统一的美学思想。然而 ,现代西方的胡塞尔先验现象学哲学的出现 ,尤其是其两种类型的统觉理论 (对事物的统觉与对他人的统觉 )的提出 ,其从根本上论说主客关系与主体间关系、对物的统觉与对他人的移情的实际一致 ,则改变了以往中西美学的歧异状况。因此 ,现代哲学的理论发展表明 ,美不仅是主客的统一亦是主体间的统一。唯有在美的领域 ,人类才能与自然、与社会和谐相处而获致自己的完整的人生 ;中西两种不同的民族才能克服其自我隔绝的困境而使彼此的心灵深深默契、息息相通。

The Difference and Harmony Between Chinese and Western Aesthetics

As a result of different background of traditional philosophy, the Chinese and western aesthetics would show divergent turns in theory and value. If the western aesthetics is said to have the unity in subjects and objects as the idealistic doctrine, Chinese aesthetics should represent the thought which is after the unity of subjects. But the differences have been modified since a priori philosophy, especially the two Kinds of apperception theories were proposed. Therefore, the theoretical development of modern philosophy shows that beauty lies not only in the unity of subjects and objects, but also in the unity of subjects. Only in the realm of aesthetics can human beings live with the nature and society in order to acquire the whole life, and can the peoples from China and the west extricate themselves from the difficult position of self-sealing so as to achieve the tacit understanding.