扩张与限制:试析两大法系两种不同反诉观--兼论我国反诉制度的未来走势

反诉制度具有合并解决相关纠纷的功能优势。如何充分发挥反诉制度的这一功能优势以最大限度地解决与本诉相关之纠纷,两大法系各有不同态度。英美法系积极扩张反诉制度之功能,解决与此相关的所有纠纷,而大陆法系则持消极态度,原则禁止反诉功能扩张,因此两大法系形成各具特色的反诉制度。本文对两大法系反诉制度所赖以形成的反诉观进行比较性考察,在此基础上检讨我国反诉观念的合理性,并以此为根据对我国未来反诉制度的设计作一初步探讨。

Outspreading and Restriction: An Analysis of the Different Views of Counterclaim in the Two Genealogies of Law

The counterclaim system has the functional advantage of incorporating and settling the correlative disputes. As to how to sufficiently bring into play the function to settle correlative disputes, however, there are different attitudes in the two genealogies of law. The Anglo-American genealogy of law actively outspreads the function of the counterclaim system to settle all the correlative disputes, but the continental genealogy of law has negative attitude in this aspect. Actually it fundamentally forbids outspreading the function of the counterclaim system. Starting from this, the two genealogies of law have formed different counterclaim systems. Based on the comparison of the two genealogies of law in terms of their different views of counterclaim, the paper analyzes the rationality of China's view of counterclaim, and explores China's future counterclaim system.