美国高等教育的体制机制管窥

美国的高等教育体系与美国的经济社会状况和人才的多样化需求结构相适应。从办学层次来看,形成了社区学院或高等技术院校、教学和研究并重的大学、高水平的研究型大学三个层次;从办学主体来看,有公立高校、私立高校和私营高等教育机构三种类型;从高等教育管理主体来看,联邦政府、州政府、认证机构和高校自身各自承担着不同的职责。美国高等教育管理的体制机制植根于美国的历史文化传统和特定社会条件,主要表现为地方分权制和非集中化管理、公立大学与私立大学并存共荣、多层次和开放性的教育体系等几个特点。适合美国国情且"近乎完美"的美国高等教育的制度设计支撑了世界一流的高等教育。

An Overview of US Higher Education System and Mechanism

Higher education system in the United States adapts itself to its social and economical conditions as well as the diversified demand for talents.In terms of school-running level,it is composed of community colleges or high-tech colleges,research-teaching oriented universities and high-level research-oriented universities;as for the main body of school-running,it can be divided into public universities,private universities,and privately owned higher education institutions;with regard to the main body of management,federal government,state government,certificate body and the universities themselves all have their own roles to play.The system and mechanism of higher education in the United States are deeply rooted in its historical and cultural tradition as well as particular social conditions,which can be expressed mainly in the following respects: decentralized management,both public and private universities coexisting and co-prosperity,and multilevel and open education system.In conclusion,it can be said that the almost perfect system of American higher education is suitable for its national conditions and has served as a support to the world-class higher education.