多维视角下的阿塞拜疆什叶派问题

政治化程度较低和教派关系融洽是阿塞拜疆什叶派区别于黎巴嫩、伊拉克等国什叶派的显著特征。16世纪初伊朗萨法维王朝将什叶派定为国教,加速了阿塞拜疆人的什叶派化进程。19世纪初期以来沙俄和苏联的先后统治,给阿塞拜疆留下了深厚的世俗化遗产。1991年独立之后,阿塞拜疆的宗教政策以世俗化为核心,大致经历了温和规范、严格管控和局部调整三个时期。在此背景下,什叶派以宗教为旗帜的政治化主要包括两种表现形式,即巴库聚礼清真寺社团的温和政治参与和纳达兰村的激进政治抗争。什叶派大国伊朗虽然力图以多种方式影响阿塞拜疆什叶派,但效果比较有限。当前,虽然阿塞拜疆什叶派与政府存在一定矛盾,但远未达到对抗的程度,弱政治化和弱教派认同将是阿塞拜疆什叶派发展的长期现象。

Shiite Issues in Azerbaijan from a Multidimensional Perspective

The low degree of politicization and the harmonious relationship between different sects are the distinctive features of the Shiites in Azerbaijan,which are different from those in Lebanon,Iraq and other countries.In the early 16th century,the Safavid Dynasty of Iran declared Shia as a state religion,which accelerated the Shi'ization process of Azerbaijanis.Since the early 19th century,the successive rule of Russia and the Soviet Union has left a profound secularization heritage to Azerbaijan.Since independence in 1991,Azerbaijan's religious policy has been centered on secularization,which has roughly gone through three periods:moderate regulation,strict control and partial adjustment.In this context,the politicization of Shiites under the banner of religion is manifested in two forms,namely,the moderate political participation of Baku Jameh mosque community and the radical political struggle of Nardaran village.Although Iran,a Shiite power,tries to influence the Shiites in Azerbaijan in various ways,its effect is relatively limited.At present,although there are contradictions between the Shiites and the government in the religious and secular fields,the two sides are far from reaching the level of confrontation.Weak politicization and weak sectarian identity will be a longterm phenomenon of the Shiites in Azerbaijan.