民事自助行为的性质及构成要件

民事自助行为是私力救济的重要手段,对其性质有进攻说、权利保全说和公力救济例外说三种不同观点,其中公力救济例外说赋予私力救济相对独立的正当性基础。民事自助行为的构成有三要件、四要件和五要件等不同学说。四要件说更能实现保护当事人权益和维护社会稳定的目的,但其具体实施中的问题亟待解决。对民事自助行为之目的要件、对象要件、情势要件、限度要件进行具体分析,以使其在司法实践中得到更妥当的运用。

Nature and elements of civil self-help behavior

Civil self-help behavior is an important means of private relief. There are three different viewpoints on its nature, namely, offensive theory, right preservation theory and public protection exception theory, in which public protection exception theory endows relatively independent legitimacy basis for private relief. There are different theories on the constitution of civil self-help behavior, such as the schools of three elements, four elements and five elements, etc. The four-element theory can better realize the purposes of protecting the rights and interests of the parties and maintaining the social stability, but the issues during its specific implementation need to be solved. The elements of purpose, object, situation and limit of civil self-help behavior are analyzed in detail, so as to make it more appropriate applied in judicial practice.