论中国特色社会主义制度的本质特征

中国特色社会主义制度具有相对的稳定性、较强的持续性，是中国道路的固态化呈现、中国理论的制度化表达、中国文化的正式化沉淀，因而成为辨识中国特色社会主义最直接的标志和最鲜明的特征。中国特色社会主义制度的本质特征主要体现在以下四个方面：一是在方向层面以中国共产党为“中轴结构”实现对一切工作的有效领导；二是在立场层面坚持以人民为中心的价值取向；三是在方略层面坚持守正与创新的有机统一；四是结构层次层面的延展性。全面把握中国特色社会主义制度的本质特征，对于深入理解中国特色社会主义的内在结构、社会主义国家制度的本质以及人类制度文明的新发展具有重要的意义。

Discussion on the Essential Characteristics of the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics

The socialist system with Chinese characteristics has become the most direct and distinctive sign of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To have a command of the essential characteristics of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the following two questions should be especially focused on: On the one hand，as the realization form of socialism system in contemporary China, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics cannot deviate from the development orientation of socialism, the aspects in which the basic principles of scientific socialism continued and the unique qualitative stipulations of the socialist system are reflected; on the other hand, compared with the traditional socialist “Soviet model” and the modern capitalist model, what are the new and different features of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics? Considering the above two points, the essential characteristics of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are mainly reflected in the following four aspects. First, achieving effective leadership of “all work” with the Communist Party of China as the “central structure” from the direction perspective. The leadership of the Communist Party reflects the unique attributes of the national system of the socialist country. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the “root” of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the basic prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for the realization of China’s modernization, which plays a positive role in comprehensively and deeply “embedding” the national governance structure system. Second, adhering to the “people-centered” value orientation from the standpoint perspective. “People-centered” value can not only fully represent the will of the people, gather people’s wisdom extensively, and effectively safeguard the people’s interests, but also emphasize the maximum guarantee of the people’s dominant role and value in the country, which fundamentally determines and confirms the legitimacy of the system and provides a continuous source of vitality and strength support for stimulating the advantages and superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Third， adhering to the organic integration of “keeping good aspects” and “innovation” from the strategic perspective. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics not only adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism, but also develops basic ideas and theories of scientific socialism, and criticizes and surpasses the capitalist society, which is a great creation in the civilization history of human system, especially in the civilization history of political system. Furthermore, it demonstrates the characteristics of “innovation” and reflects the organic combination of “keeping good aspects” and “innovation”. Fourth, it reflects the ductility from the structural perspective. In practice， the socialist system with Chinese characteristics has expanded from the “three-in-one” structural form — “fundamental system, basic system, specific system” to the “four-in-one” — “fundamental system, basic system, important system, specific system”, which shows that it has a high degree of openness, tolerance, adaptability, coordination and balance. Having a comprehensive command of the essential characteristics of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is of great significance for a deep understanding of the internal structure of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the nature of the socialist state system, and the new development of civilization of human system.