论知识产权滥用的界定

与物相比,创造性智力成果有着更强的公共属性,因此滥用知识产权行为对社会公共利益也有着更大危害。对知识产权滥用进行规制的前提是对这一概念进行界定。知识产权滥用的属概念是权利滥用,系指与设权目的相悖的权利行使行为。与滥用其他权利的行为相比,知识产权滥用的特殊性在于其发生概率更高,因为知识产权具有边界模糊且对象可替代性较低的特点。因此,知识产权滥用是指权利人利用知识产权边界的高模糊性与对象的低可替代性,在智力成果权领域以阻碍创新的方式或在商业标记领域以导致混淆的方式行使知识产权的行为。此外,对知识产权滥用进行界定还需区分知识产权滥用、无权(越权)行为、知识产权正常行使、知识产权垄断等概念,避免混淆。

Discussion on definition of abuse of intellectual property right

Compared with properties, creative intelligence achievements have more strong attributes to public interest. Therefore, the abuse of intellectual property right has greater harm to the social public interest. The premise of regulating abuse of intellectual property right is to define the concept. The generic concept of abuse of intellectual property right is the abuse of right, which means the right is exercised in a way that contradicts the setting purpose of right. Compared with behaviors of abuse of other rights, the specific characteristics of abuse of intellectual property lie in the higher occurrence probability of it, since intellectual property has the properties of boundary fuzziness and low object substitution. Consequently, the abuse of intellectual property right refers to the behaviors of exercising intellectual property right by right holders of hindering innovation in the field of intellectual property right or causing confusion in the field of commercial markup by utilizing the high fuzziness of boundary and the low substitution of object of intellectual property right. Additionally, to define the abuse of intellectual property right, concepts of abuse of intellectual property right, unauthorized(ultra vires)behavior, normal exercise of intellectual property right, and monopoly of intellectual property right, etc., must be distinguished so as to avoid confusion.