“以水代兵”对黄河流域区域经济及环境的影响

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,但在战乱动荡的年代,诸侯藩镇割据或外敌入侵时,曾发生十三次"以水代兵"人工决黄河的事件.出于战略目的,并因其决堤的位置、方式及后续治理工作的不同,导致人工决堤比自然决口产生更大的危害.十三次"以水代兵"均给当地及下游地区的人民带来了巨大灾难,致使区域经济,文化和社会系统遭受巨大破坏,许多城市改迁、湮废."以水代兵"人工决堤更对区域自然环境产生了不可估量的影响,如地形地貌的人工重塑,改变了原来的自然水系;黄水的长期泛滥导致地下水位升高,土壤盐碱化,区域生态系统十分脆弱.这些问题至今仍影响着黄河下游地区的经济发展.

Impact of "Flooding as Military Tactics" on Society,Economy and Water Environment of the Yellow River Region

In China's history, the Yellow River, the Mother River of the Chinese nationality, experienced man-made debacles 13 times for military reasons during the war periods when wars broke out between the small kingdoms and against the foreign enemy invasions. For the tactical purposes, the man-made debacles caused more disasters than the natural debacles of the Yellow River due to the location, manners and the successive regulating floods and watercourses. All 13 times of flooding as military tactics resulted in overwhelming disasters to the local and down-stream residents, the regional economies, cultural and social systems, the re-building and re-locating as well as the change and the destruction of many cities. The flooding as military tactics by means of man-made debacles has brought more immeasurable effects on the regional natural environment, such as the re-constructions of the flooded terrains and physiognomy, and the re-deviation of the original natural water systems; the long-term flooding of the Yellow River has led to the hoist of the ground water, the salinization of soil and the fragile regional ecosystem. All these problems have still hindered the economy development of the downstream regions of the Yellow River.