中美居民消费直接碳排放核算及比较

近些年越来越多的研究证实,居民消费碳排放已经成为碳排放的主要增长点之一,因此从居民角度研究碳排放对节能减排有重要的意义。居民生活引致的碳排放包括两个部分:一部分是居民消费直接消耗能源导致的碳排放;另一部分是“衣食住行”等生活消费导致的间接碳排放。基于碳排放系数方法,对中美两国居民2002年、2005年、2007年、2010年居民生活消费中的直接碳排放进行了定量的核算,在测算的基础上比较分析其异同。结果表明:(1)中国居民居住碳排放主要集中在煤炭和电力两大方面,美国居民居住碳排主要集中在电力和天然气两个方面;(2)天然气和电力成为中国居民居住碳排放量的两个增长点;(3)两国居民交通碳排放量占比均较大,但是中国居民交通碳排放仅为美国居民碳排放量的八分之一;(4)现阶段中国居民消费直接碳排放量均逐年上涨,美国居民近些年则呈现略微下降趋势;美国居民直接碳排放量是中国居民直接碳排放总量的约3倍左右。

A Study of Comparison of Carbon Emissions Accounting from Household Energy Consumption between China and United States of American

In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that consumer carbon emission has become one of the major factors in the growth of carbon emissions, and the study of carbon emissions from the perspective of energy saving by residents is significant. Household carbon emissions consist of two parts: first, the residents'consumption energy directly leads to carbon emissions; second, consumptions in everyday life can cause indirect emissions. Based on the carbon emission coefficient method, quantitative calculation of direct carbon emissions by the residents of the United States and China in 2002,2005,2007 and 2010 was carried out, and the similarities and differences between them were compared. Results showed that:(1)Chinese residents' carbon emissions are mainly from coal and electricity, while U.S. residents carbon emissions are mainly from electricity and natural gas;(2)the percentage of gas and electricity in China's carbon emissions has grown two points;(3)though the two countries accounted for a large part in carbon emissions, China's emissions in this field are only one eighth compared with America's;(4)the present Chinese consumer's direct carbon emissions are rising year by year, while the U.S. show a slightly downward trend in recent years;U.S. residents direct carbon emissions are three times more than that of China's in this respect.