民初司法发展的制度性环境——以司法官考试制度为例的分析

民国司法官考试制度的建立、发展和运作离不开民初各种社会因素交互作用形成的大环境。为了使国家走上独立富强之路,民初法律人极尽法律启蒙之能,力倡司法独立,大力发展法律教育,希冀通过法律教育的普及推动司法的进步。现代司法需要专业化的司法官。就民初国情考量,考察法律知识、选拔合格法律人的最好办法即为司法官考试制度。然而民初的中国,外遭列强欺压,内有社会动荡。所有这一切又无不在时时制约着近代司法官考试制度的运作和发展。

Judicial Institutional Conditions in Republican China: Analysis of Judicial Examination

The development of judicatory examination in Republican China is deeply influenced by the instituitional conditions at that time.To make China independent,rich and powerful,the lawyers study and absorb the western laws,promote legal deucation and set up the judicial examination.However, adverse international circumstances and the state's turbulent politics,financial straits restricted the development of judicial examination.