电力需求响应的研究进展及文献述评

电力需求响应是现代电力市场条件下，缓解电力供需矛盾、降低高峰负荷、促进节能减排的重要工具。通过回顾已有文献，认为:一方面，目前发达国家关于电力需求响应的理论和实践研究已经深入开展，而中国基本上没有开展具有一定政策意义的分析研究，亟需加快推进中国电力市场进程，以创造必要的市场环境和制度条件；另一方面，也需要加快开展适当规模、多种类型的需求响应实验试点，在项目设计、策略选择、技术条件、评估工具和方法等方面积累经验。在理论和实践中，从评估需求响应项目收益和分析其影响因素的角度，应按针对用户采取的激励方式，将需求响应分为激励型、价格型、信息反馈型三类；在收益分析中，应将减轻市场力理解为取得需求响应收益的一个重要途径；在政策制定中，应当充分考虑用户的便利度与舒适度，注意负荷控制的反弹效应和信息反馈的衰减效应可能产生的影响，并重视需求响应对于降低线损、促进减排等方面的效果。

A Review of the Research on Electricity Demand Response

On condition of modern electric marketization, demand response has become an important tool to alleviate contradiction between supply and demand, reduce peak load and promote energy saving and emission reduction. By reviewing the literature, the paper found that there is basically no research of certain policy implications practiced in China, while the research and policies have already been carried out in developed countries. Therefore, there is a gaping need to promote the reform of electrical industry and the research on experimental design, strategy, technical specification and evaluation tool. Specifically, attention should be drawn to several aspects, which are the following: demand response should be classified into incentive, price and information feedback based on the incentive method in practice; controlling the market force of electricity producers should be an important way for analyzing the benefit of demand response, the convenience and comfort issue, the payback response and the attenuation of responsiveness; the benefit of line loss reduction should be paid sufficient attention in policy making.