伊朗人口政策的演变及特点

1979年伊朗伊斯兰共和国建立后,伊朗政府根据自身民族宗教文化和政治经济现实,不断调整本国的人口政策;先鼓励人口生育,提倡早婚早育,增强本国人力资源储备;两伊战争结束后,鉴于本国资源与环境压力,通过提倡和鼓励的柔性办法减少人口生育,并取得举世瞩目的成效;2005年以后,由于人口增长率下降过快,为了预防将来的老龄化危机,伊朗逐步取消限制生育的政策,目前基本改为鼓励人口生育,但在城市化和现代化的压力下,随着教育水平的提高,人们的生育愿望很低,生育成本加大,人口增长不会太快.

Characteristics of evolution of Iranian population policy

After the establishment of Islamic Republic in 1979, Iranian government had been constantly adjusted the national population policy according to their own religious culture and economic and political realities. The government firstly encouraged population fertility and promoted early marriage and early birth, which enhanced their human resources reserve. When the Iran-Iraq war ended, considering the pressure of national resources and environment, the government began to reduce population fertility by soft promoting and encouraging. Remarkable effect was achieved. Due to the rapid decline of population growth rate, the Iranian government has phased out birth limitation policy since 2005 to prevent the pos- sible future aging crisis in. Although now the population policy is basically changed to encourage popula- tion growth, people＇s desire to bear child is still very low under the pressure of the urbanization and modernization. On the other hand, with the increasing child-rearing cost, population growth is not too fast.