清代中叶江南粮食供需与粮食贸易的再考察

清代江南的粮食短缺及其与其他经济区的粮食贸易是江南经济史上一个重要课题。直至18世纪末,作为一个整体,江南的米粮供应缺口不太大,存在严重粮食短缺现象的是江宁、苏州、杭州、太仓州以及松江东部,粮食短缺主要原因是庞大的城市人口的存在,太仓州和松江府东部诸县则是因为"土不宜稻",而其余地区尚有余粮可以供应别地。因此18世纪江南的粮食短缺并不严重,常年数百万石的供给缺口,在丰年基本能够自给。18世纪大量关于江南米严重不足的记载,不是今天习称的"江南"全境。对于这些严重缺粮的地方来说,供给缺口的填补并不是全部依靠长途贩运的米粮,来自江南其他府县的内部调剂也是相当重要的。

Rediscussion on the Grain Demand,Supply and Trade of Jiangnan in the Mid-Qing

It is well known that Jiangnan,in the Qing dynasty,must import large number of grain from other regions to satisfy its consumption. Researches on the size of the grain trade are numerous,but a few has discussed on a basis of demand-supply analysis,and in a long-term dynamic opinion. This article tries to estimate the grain (especially rice) demand and supply of Jiangnan from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century,calculate the amount of rice shortage and its changes,accordingly,to explain some aspects...