技术性贸易壁垒成因探析

技术性贸易壁垒是当今国际贸易壁垒的主体，它的成因可以分为经济技术因素、社会政治因素、GATT/WTO规则因素三大类。其中，经济技术因素主要包括各国产品的竞争优势有别，各国消费需求的层次不同，世界经济发展不平衡，科学技术高度发展；社会政治因素主要包括可持续发展观深入人心，消费安全问题日益突出，贸易政策被用作国内外政治斗争的工具；GATT/WTO规则因素主要包括关税壁垒和传统非关税壁垒的效用日益弱化，TBT规则被贸易保护主义滥用。

On the Cause of Formation for Technical Barriers to Trade

Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) is the main body of contemporary international trade barriers.Causes for the formation of TBT can be divided into three big classes,such as economic and technical factors,social and political factors,GATT/WTO rule factors.Economic and technical factors mainly include different competitive advantages of products from all countries,different levels of consumption demand in different countries,the unbalanced development of world economy,and the advanced development of science and technology.Social and political factors mainly include the wide spread of the conception of sustainable development,the increasingly outstanding state of consumption security,and the use of trade policy as the tool for domestic and foreign political struggles.GATT/WTO rule factors mainly include the increasingly weakening utility of tariff barriers and traditional non-tariff barriers,and the misuse of TBT rules by trade protectionism.