弱势群体权利的公法救济诱因与体系构建

一般而言弱势群体权利保障能力不足，缺乏足够的话语权，难以影响权利初始分配，享有的权利容易受到侵犯，欠缺必要的救济手段，从公法层面加强救济，符合公平正义的法治精神。当前公法救济体系还存在诸多不足，未能达到预期效果：如缺乏专门法律落实宪法相关条文，无行政救济实体法救济程序繁琐，刑事立法未充分考虑救济的复杂性，公法救济模式相互独立缺乏衔接等。构建完善的公法救济体系，应着重从以下方面逐步优化：制定专门救济法律以实践宪法规定，完善行政立法简化行政救济程序，厘清救济的特殊性强化刑法救济，加快融合形成整全的公法救济体系等。唯有如此，才能共同铸造权利保护之网，改善弱势群体权利救济不足的现状。

The Inducement and Mechanism Construction of the Public Remedy of the Rights of the Vulnerable Group

The general inadequacy in protecting the rights of the vulnerable and their rights to speak gives rise to the unfair initial allocation of rights, infringement of the acquired rights and lack of approaches to make a remedy. Therefore, providing a public remedy conforms to the spirit of law, justice and fairness. However, deficiencies in the relief system could easily found, such as the lack of special laws to carry out the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the complex relief procedure because of the lack of standardized administrative relief laws, the criminal law without fully considering the complexity of public remedy and the independent working pattern of the relief system. It is suggested that a neatly-built relief system be improved from perspectives below so as to reverse the current condition. Special laws should be enacted to fulfil the spirit of the Constitution. The administrative procedure of public remedy should be simplified. The traits of public remedy should be clarified and functions of the criminal law should be highlighted. An integrated public remedy system should be on the way.