比较文学的新一轮身份"漩涡"--兼谈"反民族主义"与"反欧洲中心主义"

比较文学在其一个多世纪的学科发展历程中,似乎始终摆脱不了其身份“漩涡”。时至今日,在各种“后”学冲击下,又陷入了更深一层的漩涡中心——“反欧洲中心”和“反民族主义”。这用两个公式可以概括:比较文学=文化研究;全球化多元文化=反欧洲中心主义+反民族主义。但实际存在的问题远比人为的完美逻辑复杂得多,因为不管是欧洲中心主义,还是民族主义,都携带着太多的历史内容,二者也并非处在完全对立而又对等的位置上。倘若跳出形而上的二分对立观,就不难发现,作为客观历史存在的欧洲中心同作为各种显性或隐性帝国主义意识的欧洲中心主义,就如同作为客观历史存在的民族主义生存权同作为惟我独尊的狭隘民族主义信念一样,是应当给予区分的。在这个问题上,我们也应当多些亦此亦彼的辩证思考方好。

The Involuntary Eddy of Comparative Literature--An Idea of "Anti-nationalism" and "Anti-europocentrism"

In its development of more than 100 years, Comparative Literature has been incompetent to jump out of the vortex of its identity. Nowadays, facing the impact of various post-disciplines, it is drawn into the center of a deeper vortex--anti-Eu- ropocentrism and anti-nationalism. This can be illuminated by two formulas:Comparative Literature = Cultural Studies; Globalized multiculture = Anti-Europocentrism + anti-nationalism. However, the existing problems are much more complicated than artificially perfected logic, because both and -Europocentrism and anti-nationalism have rich history, and they are neither equal nor opposing to each other. If we are not limited by metaphysical binary theory, it will not be difficult for us to find that Europe as a center of the world, which was an objectively existing fact in history, is not equal to all kinds of Europocentrism, either concealed or unconcealed, just as the right of national survival should be looked on differently from overweening nationalism. We should also give a more dialectical thought on this issue.