试析近代拉美与美国的不同农业发展模式

19世纪期间拉丁美洲与美国形成了十分不同的两种农业发展模式：前者长期维持以前资本主义型大庄园为基本农业组织的粗放型农业；而后者则形成以资本主义中小农场为主要生产单位的集约化和商品化农业。两者不仅在劳动制度、生产和经营方法、劳动生产率等方面存在极大的差异，而且在相应地区的经济结构中具有不同的职能：拉美农业主要为北大西洋工业化国家生产和出口原料和粮食；而美国农业则不断为本国的工业发展提供原料和市场。

A Tentative Analysis of the Difference of Agricultural Development Patterns between Latin America and USA

In the 19th century, two entirely different agricultural development patte rns came into being in Latin America and USA respectively. The former was charac terized by a kind of extensive agriculture with the basic agricultural system of the pre-capitalistic Latifundia , while the latter was characterized by intensive and commercial agriculture with the main production units being medium-sized a nd small farms. They were quite different from each other not only in labor syst em, labor productivity, ways of production and administration, but also in funct ions in the economic structures of the corresponding areas. Agriculture in La tin America aims to produce raw materials and grain, and export them to the indu strialized countries in the North-Atlantic region. But agriculture in the USA a ims to produce raw materials and provide its own market with such materials for its own industrial development.