我国自然垄断产业分拆式改革的误区分析及其出路

本文针对我国自然垄断产业分拆式改革的思路 ,提出了自己不同的看法。认为自然垄断产业改革应该立足于改制而不是分拆。主要根据在于:自然垄断产业多为网络性产业 ,必须考虑其全程全网联合作业和统一兼容性质;而且具有显著的规模经济性和范围经济性 ,分拆必然导致经济效益的丧失。从总体上看 ,自然垄断产业的真正症结在于政企不分而不是垄断;就反垄断目标而言 ,由于我国自然垄断产业的垄断多为行政割据型垄断 ,而不是经济集中型垄断;经济集中型垄断只是一种垄断结构 ,与垄断行为没有必然联系 ,所以我国自然垄断产业的反垄断应该指向包括行政割据型垄断行为在内的各种垄断行为 ,而不应该指向垄断结构 ,特别是经济集中型垄断结构。在加入WTO的背景下 ,这一点尤为重要。因此 ,自然垄断产业改革的出路应该立足于改制 ,而不是分拆。

An Analysis of the Wrong Place to which the Split-up-style Reform of China's Natural Monopoly Industries Has Led;the Way out thereof

In this thesis, I will advance my different views on the thought on the split-up-style reform of China's natural monopoly industries(NMI).In my opinion, the said reform should be based on the change in system, and not on split-up, mainly because most NMI are industries of the nature of “net" and we must consider NMI's thoroughly interconnected and all-way operation and NMI's nature of uniformity and compatibility, and because split-up is surely to result in economic loss owing to NMI's obvious nature of economy of scale and scope. NMI's real disease, on the whole, lies not in monopoly but in indiscrimination in the function of governments and industries. Speaking of the target of anti-monopoly, the most monopoly of China's NMI is caused by local separatist administrations and it is not of an economic-concentration type, which is only a monopolistic structure and has not necessarily connected with monopolistic behavior, therefore, the spearhead of antimonopoly in China's NMI should be pointed at various monopolistic behavior including the type of the local separatist administrations, and not a the monopoly structure, especially the monopoly structure of the economic-concentration type. Under the conditions of China's participation in WTO, that point is especially of great importance. The way out of the reform of NMI ought to be founded on the change in system, not on split-up.