在行动与规则之间

行动效用主义是传统的效用主义形式 ,而规则效用主义则是新效用主义的主要代表。在两种理论之间集中了很多关注和争论。作为复兴了效用主义的新理论形态 ,规则效用主义一方面给效用计算问题带来了新的困境 ,但另一方面却对处理效用主义与道义论的关系问题具有重要意义 ,即引发了效用主义对道义论的调和关系。然而 ,这种新的理论动向并未获得行动效用主义一方的认可和支持 ,因为后者明确反对像“道义论”那样以规则作为道德评判的直接标准。

Debate between Rule-utilitarianism and Act-utilitarianism : A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Deontology and Utilitarianism

Act-utilitarianism is a traditional form of utilitarianism, while rule-utilitarianism introduces new contents into the modern form of utilitarianism, thus refreshes this theory. As a representation of teleology in moral philosophy, utilitarianism is an important theory and has great effects on human life. However, problems and difficulties still exist, such as the debate between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. On one hand, rule-utilitarianism brings new problems and difficulties to the calculation of utility; on the other hand, it also plays a significant role on the relationship between deontology and utilitarianism, to which act-utilitarianism does not consent.