“以鱼学渔论”及其对材料力学教改的应用

文章提出“以鱼学渔论”,指出基础课与专业课教改的“鱼”、“渔”侧重点之不同。材料力学作为基础课,教改的重点不应当集中在知识更新上,而是“借助于鱼,学会去捕鱼”,即把落脚点放在能力与素质的提高上;分析了将新学科作为萌芽嫁接于材料力学中的弊病,并从认知的基本规律是难以违背的基本点出发,论述了材料力学的教改不可能逾越由特殊到一般和由感性到理性的认识模式;揭示了越是基本的东西越能提供创新基础的特点;强调了材料力学的教改应遵循“着力表现知识发生的过程”的原则;阐述了前人丰富的遗产是非常宝贵的素材,利用它们可以在教学中表现前人发现知识的过程,启迪学生们去培养创新能力和熏陶科学素质;最后指出:“以鱼学渔论”这一新思路对于其它基础课的教改也是适合的。

A Viewpoint of Learning Halieutics by Catching Fish and its Application to Reform on Teaching Material Mechanics

A viewpoint of learning halieutics by catching fish is proposed to indicate that the points of emphasizing on basic courses and speciality courses are particularly different. The keystone of reforming basic course like material mechanics teaching should not focus on renovating knowledge but on training and enhancing the ability and the quality. In another word, one must learn halieutics by catching fish. A malady of grafting new subject as a bud on material mechanics is pinpointed and analyzed. Because the basic cognitive law can not be disobeyed, the reform on teaching material mechanics should not either overstep cognitive model passing through special to general and sensibility to rationality. This viewpoint is carefully dissertated. It is revealed that the more fundamental the knowledge is, the more innovative bases it can provided. It is emphasized that the reform on teaching material mechanics should follow a principle of exerting oneself to exhibit the process of generating knowledge. The abundant history of grand old scientists discovering scientific results is very valuable materials. They can be used to show the process of generating knowledge and to inspire students to foster their innovate ability and to edify their scientificquality. Finally, it is indicated that as a new thought, the viewpoint of learning halieutics by catching fish is suitable to reforming other basic courses teaching.